|
was a lawyer, politician and cabinet minister in early Shōwa period Japan. His brother, Tatsunosuke Yamazaki was also a politician and cabinet minister, and his nephew Heihachiro Yamazaki was later a prominent member of the post-war Liberal-Democratic Party. ==Biography== Yamazaki was born in Ōkawa, Fukuoka. After his graduation in 1918 from the law school of Tokyo Imperial University, he entered the Home Ministry. He subsequently transferred to the Ministry of Health, rising to the post of Director of Social Services. In 1938, he was appointed governor of Shizuoka Prefecture. He subsequently returned to the Home Ministry, and was Director of Public Works, followed by Director of Public Safety. In 1940, succeeded Genki Abe as Superintendent-General of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police, the highest ranking office in the police administration. From 1942-1943, he served as Deputy Home Minister under the Tōjō administration, and also from 1944-1945 under the Suzuki Kantarō administration. In mid-1944, he was assigned as civilian administrator of Japanese-occupied Borneo, where he encouraged a policy of Japanization of the local inhabitants through education to bolster support for Imperial Japan’s war efforts.〔Oi, ''The Japanese Occupation of Borneo'', page 78〕 Following the surrender of Japan, Yamazaki was appointed Home Minister under the Higashikuni administration. During his tenure, he attempted to ban publication of a photograph Emperor Hirohito taken together with General Douglas MacArthur, on the grounds that this was demeaning to the imperial dignity. This action drew the wrath of the occupation authorities, who were attempting to portray Hirohito in more “human” terms.〔Large, ''Emperor Hirohito and Showa Japan'', page 137〕 Yamazaki said that the home ministry's recent attempt to confiscate newspapers printing pictures of the emperor visiting MacArthur and American newsmen's interviews with Hirohito was intended to prevent possible repercussion among the people." He acknowledge that when the picture and interviews did appear on the streets by order of MacArthur, "there was no reaction at all." He also strongly opposed the decision by the occupation authorities to release political prisoners held under the Peace Preservation Laws, stating in an interview with the ''Japan Times'' newspaper on 4 October 1945 that anyone advocating any changes in the present political structure, of the status of the Emperor was a communist who should be arrested.〔Nishi, ''Unconditional Democracy'', page 91〕 In October 3 1945, Yamazaki declared the Communists would not be released and that his secret police would take others into custody. Yamazaki denied any knowledge of the political prisoners in an interview with the Associated Press. He admitted that his men will were on the job, and said they were being especially vigilant against any Japanese daring to advocate "elimination of the imperial house, overthrow of the constitution, violence against Americans or the Japanese government." Yamazaki declared his police were "not so harsh" as before the occupation but that their methods of operation were unchanged. In addition, he said that he was going to keep right on holding his prisoners. According to a newspaper published in Oct 4 1945. "Yamazaki seemed unimpressed by the fact that the Postdam agreement guaranteed the Japanese people the right to select the kind of government they desired." Yamazaki believed that it was a main duty of the home ministry to prevent any expression against the imperial house. He went on to say the "Thought police" were particularly vigilant against leftists or communists "because they advocate elimination of the imperial house." In October 6, 1945, MacArthur demanded the immediate removal of Yamazaki. According to Asahi, the cabinet felt it could not maintain order without Yamazaki and the leading police officials who MacArthur also ordered removed. He resigned together with the rest of the cabinet in protest of the repeal of the Peace Preservation Laws on 9 October 1945 and was immediately placed on the purged list of those banned from holding government office. Following the end of the occupation, Yamazaki was elected to a seat lower house of the Diet of Japan in the 1952 General Election under the Liberal Party. During the debate over the adoption of the post-war Constitution of Japan, he publicly speculated that it might be better for Japan to become a protectorate of the United States.〔Dore, ''Japan, Internationalism, and the UN'', page 57〕 Yamazaki was associated with the politically conservative wing of the party after it became the Liberal Democratic Party and was a leading member of the faction led by Mitsujiro Ishii. He served as chairman of the budgetary committee in 1957. In 1960, he was appointed to the cabinet of Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda as Minister of Home Affairs. Yamazaki also served as Chairman of the National Public Safety Commission. He was forced to resign in the aftermath of the assassination of Inejiro Asanuma, president of the Japan Socialist Party during a televised speech. Yamazaki retired thereafter from public life, and died in 1968 at the age of 73. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iwao Yamazaki」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|